- Patterson, William H., Jr.
Robert A. Heinlein: In Dialogue with His Century. Vol. 1
New York: Tor Books, 2010.
ISBN 978-0-7653-1960-9.
-
Robert Heinlein came from a family who had been present in America before there
were the United States, and whose members had served in all of the wars of the
Republic. Despite being thin, frail, and with dodgy eyesight, he managed to be
appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy where, despite demerits for being a hellion,
he graduated and was commissioned as a naval officer. He was on the track to a
naval career when felled by tuberculosis (which was, in the 1930s, a potential death
sentence, with the possibility of recurrence any time in later life).
Heinlein had written while in the Navy, but after his forced medical retirement,
turned his attention to writing science fiction for pulp magazines, and
after receiving a cheque for US$ 70 for his first short story,
“Life-Line”,
he exclaimed, “How long has this racket been
going on? And why didn't anybody tell me about it sooner?” Heinlein
always viewed writing as a business, and kept a thermometer on which he
charted his revenue toward paying off the mortgage on his house.
While Heinlein fit in very well with the Navy, and might have been, absent
medical problems, a significant commander in the fleet in World War II,
he was also, at heart, a bohemian, with a soul almost orthogonal to military
tradition and discipline. His first marriage was a fling with a woman who
introduced him to physical delights of which he was unaware. That ended
quickly, and then he married Leslyn, who was his muse, copy-editor, and
business manager in a marriage which persisted throughout World War II,
when both were involved in war work. Leslyn worked herself in this effort
into insanity and alcoholism, and they divorced in 1947.
It was Robert Heinlein who vaulted science fiction from the ghetto of the
pulp magazines to the “slicks” such as Collier's and the
Saturday Evening Post. This was due to a technological transition
in the publishing industry which is comparable to that presently underway in
the migration from print to electronic publishing. Rationing of paper during
World War II helped to create the “pocket book” or paperback
publishing industry. After the end of the war, these new entrants in the
publishing market saw a major opportunity in publishing anthologies of stories
previously published in the pulps. The pulp publishers viewed this as an
existential threat—who would buy a pulp magazine if, for almost the same
price, one could buy a collection of the best stories from the last
decade in all of those magazines?
Heinlein found his fiction entrapped in this struggle. While today, when you sell
a story to a magazine in the U.S., you usually only sell “First North American
serial rights”, in the 1930s and 1940s, authors sold all rights, and it was
up to the publisher to release their rights for republication of a work in an
anthology or adaptation into a screenplay. This is parallel to the contemporary battle
between traditional publishers and independent publishing platforms, which have
become the heart of science fiction.
Heinlein was complex. While an exemplary naval officer, he was a nudist, married
three times, interested in the esoteric (and a close associate of
Jack Parsons
and
L. Ron Hubbard).
He was an enthusiastic supporter of
Upton Sinclair's
EPIC movement and
his “Social Credit” agenda.
This authorised biography, with major contributions from Heinlein's widow, Virginia,
chronicles the master storyteller's life in his first forty years—until he found,
or created, an audience receptive to the tales of wonder he spun. If you've read
all of Heinlein's fiction, it may be difficult to imagine how much of it was based in
Heinlein's own life. If you thought Heinlein's later novels were weird, appreciate
how the master was weird before you were born.
I had the privilege of meeting Robert and Virginia Heinlein in 1984. I shall always
cherish that moment.
July 2014 