- Flynn, Vince.
The Third Option.
New York: Pocket Books, 2000.
ISBN 978-0-671-04732-0.
-
This is the second novel in the
Mitch Rapp
(warning—the article at this link contains minor spoilers)
series. Unlike the previous episode,
Transfer of Power (April 2009),
which involved a high-profile terrorist strike, this is much more of a
grudge match conducted in the shadows, with Rapp as much prey as
hunter and uncertain of whom he can trust. Flynn demonstrates he
can pull off this kind of ambiguous espionage story as well as the
flash-bang variety, and while closing the present story in a satisfying
way sets the stage for the next round of intrigue without resorting to
a cliffhanger.
Rapp's character becomes increasingly complex as the saga
unfolds, and while often conflicted he is mission-oriented
and has no difficulty understanding his job description.
Here he's reluctantly describing it to a congressman who
has insisted he be taken into confidence (p. 296):
“… I'm what you might call a counterterrorism
specialist.”
“Okay … and what, may I ask, does a counterterrorism
specialist do?”
Rapp was not well versed in trying to spin what he did, so he
just blurted out the hard, cold truth. “I kill
terrorists.”
“Say again?”
“I hunt them down, and I kill them.”
No nuance for Mr. Mitch!
This is a superbly crafted thriller which will make you hunger for
the next. Fortunately, there are seven sequels already published
and more on the way. See my comments on the
first installment for additional details and a
link to an interview with the author. The montage on the cover of
the paperback edition I read uses a biohazard sign (☣)
as its background—I have no idea why—neither disease
nor biological weapons figure in the story in any way. Yes, I've been
reading a lot of thrillers recently—summer's comin' and
'tis the season for light and breezy reading. I'll reserve
Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell
for the dwindling daylight of autumn, if you don't mind.
-
Twain, Mark [Samuel Langhorne Clemens].
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
(Audiobook, Unabridged).
Auburn, CA: Audio Partners, [1884] 1999.
ISBN 978-0-393-02039-7.
-
If you've read an abridged or bowdlerised edition of this
timeless classic as a child or been deprived of it due to
its being deemed politically incorrect by the hacks and morons
in charge of education in recent decades, this audiobook
is a superb way (better in some ways than
a print edition) to appreciate the genius of
one the greatest storytellers of all time. This is not your
typical narration of a print novel. Voice actor
Patrick Fraley
assumes a different pitch, timbre, and dialect for each of the
characters, making this a performance, not a reading; his
wry, ironic tone for Huck's first person narration is
spot on.
I, like many readers (among them Ernest Hemingway), found
the last part of the book set on the Phelps farm less
satisfying than the earlier story, but so great is
Mark Twain's genius that, by themselves, these chapters would
be a masterwork of the imagination of childhood.
The audio programme is distributed in two files, running
11 hours and 17 minutes, with original music between the
chapters and plot interludes.
An Audio CD edition is available.
If you're looking for a print edition, this is the
one to get; it can also serve as
an excellent resource to consult as you're listening to the
audiobook.
- Caplan, Bryan.
The Myth of the Rational Voter.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.
ISBN 978-0-691-13873-2.
-
Every survey of the electorate in Western democracies shows it
to be woefully uninformed: few can name their elected representatives or
identify their party affiliation, nor answer the most basic questions
about the political system under which they live. Economists and
political scientists attribute this to “rational ignorance”:
since there is a vanishingly small probability that the vote
of a single person will be decisive, it is rational for that
individual to ignore the complexities of the issues and candidates
and embrace the cluelessness which these polls make manifest.
But, the experts contend, there's no problem—even if a
large majority of the electorate is ignorant knuckle-walkers,
it doesn't matter because they'll essentially vote at random.
Their uninformed choices will cancel out, and the small informed
minority will be decisive. Hence the “miracle of
aggregation”: stir in millions of ignoramuses and thousands of
political junkies and diligent citizens and out pops true wisdom.
Or maybe not—this book looks beyond the miracle of aggregation,
which assumes that the errors of the uninformed are random, to
examine whether there are systematic errors (or biases)
among the general population which cause democracies to choose
policies which are ultimately detrimental to the well-being of the
electorate. The author identifies four specific biases in the
field of economics, and documents, by a detailed analysis of the
Survey
of Americans and Economists on the Economy , that while
economists, reputed to always disagree amongst themselves, are
in fact, on issues which Thomas Sowell terms
Basic Economics (September 2008),
almost unanimous in their opinions, yet widely at variance from
the views of the general public and the representatives they elect.
Many economists assume that the electorate votes what economists
call its
“rational choice”,
yet empirical data presented here shows that democratic electorates
behave very differently. The key insight is that choice in an
election is not a preference in a market, where the choice directly
affects the purchaser, but rather an allocation in a commons, where
the consequences of an individual vote have negligible results
upon the voter who casts it. And we all know how commons
inevitably end.
The individual voter in a large democratic polity bears a
vanishingly small cost in voting their ideology or
beliefs, even if they are ultimately damaging to their own well-being,
because the probability their own single vote will
decide the election is infinitesimal. As a result, the
voter is liberated to vote based upon totally irrational
beliefs, based upon biases shared by a large portion of the
electorate, insulated by the thought, “At least my vote
won't decide the election, and I can feel good for having
cast it this way”.
You might think that voters would be restrained from indulging
their feel-good inclinations by considering their self interest,
but studies of voter behaviour and the preferences of subgroups
of voters demonstrate that in most circumstances voters
support policies and candidates they believe are best for the
polity as a whole, not their narrow self interest. Now, this
would be a good thing if their beliefs were correct, but
at least in the field of economics, they aren't,
as defined by the near-unanimous consensus of professional
economists. This means that there is a large, consistent,
systematic bias in policies preferred by the uninformed electorate,
whose numbers dwarf the small fraction who comprehend the issues
in contention. And since, once again, there is no cost to an
individual voter in expressing his or her erroneous beliefs,
the voter can be “rationally irrational”: the possibility of
one vote being decisive vanishes next to the cost of becoming informed
on the issues, so it is rational to unknowingly vote irrationally.
The reason democracies so often pursue irrational policies such
as protectionism is not unresponsive politicians or influence of
special interests, but instead politicians giving the
electorate what it votes for, which is regrettably ultimately
detrimental to its own self-interest.
Although the discussion here is largely confined to economic issues, there is
no reason to believe that this inherent failure of democratic
governance is confined to that arena. Indeed, one need only peruse
the daily news to see abundant evidence of democracies committing
folly with the broad approbation of their citizenry. (Run off a
cliff? Yes, we can!)
The author contends
that rational irrationality among the electorate is an argument for
restricting the scope of government and devolving responsibilities it
presently undertakes to market mechanisms. In doing so, the citizen
becomes a consumer in a competitive market and now has an individual
incentive to make an informed choice because the consequences of
that choice will be felt directly by the person making it. Naturally,
as you'd expect with an irrational electorate, things seem to have been
going in precisely the opposite direction for much of the last century.
This is an excellently argued and exhaustively documented book
(The ratio of pages of source citations and end notes to main text may
be as great as anything I've read) which will make you look at democracy
in a different way and begin to comprehend that in many cases where
politicians do stupid things, they are simply carrying out the will of
an irrational electorate. For a different perspective on the shortcomings
of democracy, also with a primary focus on economics, see Hans-Hermann
Hoppe's superb
Democracy: The God that Failed
(June 2002), which approaches the topic from a hard
libertarian perspective.
- Dickson, Paul.
The Unwritten Rules of Baseball.
New York: HarperCollins, 2009.
ISBN 978-0-06-156105-4.
-
Baseball is as much a culture as a game, and a great deal of
the way it is played, managed, umpired, reported, and supported
by fans is not written down in the official rulebook but rather
a body of unwritten rules, customs, traditions, and taboos which,
when violated, can often bring down opprobrium upon the offender
greater than that of a rulebook infraction. Some egregious offences
against the unwritten rules are, as documented here, remembered
many decades later and seen as the key event in a player's
career. In this little book (just 256 pages) the author collects
and codifies in a semi-formal style (complete with three level
item numbers) the unwritten rules for players, managers, umpires,
the official scorer, fans, and media. For example, under “players”,
rule 1.12.1 is “As a pitcher, always walk off the field at the
end of an inning; for all other players, the rule is run on, run off
the field”. I've been watching baseball for half a century
and I'll be darned to heck if I ever noticed that—nor ever
recall seeing it violated. There is an extensive discussion of the
etiquette of deliberately throwing at the batter: the art of the
beanball seems as formalised as a Japanese tea ceremony.
The second half of the book is a collection of aphorisms, rules of
thumb, and customs organised alphabetically. In both this section
and the enumerated rules, discussions of notable occasions where the rule
was violated and the consequences are included. Three appendices
provide other compilations of unwritten rules, including one
for Japanese major leaguers.
Many of these rules will be well known to fans, but others provide
little-known insight into the game. For example, did you know that
hitters on a team will rarely tell a pitcher on their own team
that he has a “tell” which indicates which pitch he's
about to throw? This book explains the logic behind that seemingly
perverse practice. I also loved the observation that the quality
of books about a sport is inversely related to the size of the ball.
Baseball fans, including this one who hasn't seen a game either live
or televised for more than a decade, will find this book both a
delight and enlightening.
- Clancy, Tom and Steve Pieczenik.
Net Force.
New York: Berkley, 1999.
ISBN 978-0-425-16172-2.
-
One of the riskiest of marketing strategies is that of “brand
expansion”: you have a hugely successful product whose brand
name is near-universally known and conveys an image of quality,
customer satisfaction, and market leadership. But there's a
problem—the very success of the brand has led to its
saturating the market, either by commanding a dominant market
share or inability to produce additional volume. A vendor in
such a position may opt to try to “expand” the brand,
leveraging its name recognition by applying it to other products,
for example a budget line aimed at less well-heeled customers,
a line of products related to the original (Watermelon-Mango
Coke), or a completely unrelated product (Volvo dog food). This
sometimes works, and works well, but more often it fails at a
great cost not only to the new product (but then a large majority
of all new products fail, including those of the largest
companies with the most extensive market research capabilities), but
also to the value of the original brand. If a brand which has become
almost synonymous with its project category (Coke, Xerox, Band-Aid)
becomes seen as a marketing gimmick cynically applied to induce consumers
to buy products which have not earned and are not worthy of the reputation
of the original brand, both the value of that brand and the estimation
of its owner fall in eyes of potential customers.
Tom Clancy, who in the 1980s and 1990s was the undisputed master
of the techno/political/military thriller embarked upon his own
program of brand expansion, lending his name to several series
of books and video games written by others and marketed under his
name, leading the naïve reader to believe they were Clancy's
work or at least done under his supervision and comparable to
the standard of his own fiction. For example, the present book,
first in the “Net Force” series, bears the
complete title Tom Clancy's
Net Force, an above-the-title blurb, “From the #1
New York Times Bestselling Author”, and the
byline, “Created by Tom Clancy and Steve Pieczenik”.
“Created”, eh…but who actually, you know,
wrote the book? Well, that would be a gentleman named
Steve Perry, whose name appears in the Acknowledgments in the
sentence, “We'd like to thank Steve Perry for his creative
ideas and his invaluable contributions to the preparation of the
manuscript.”. Well yes, I suppose writing it is,
indeed, an invaluable contribution to the preparation of a
manuscript!
Regardless of how a novel is branded, marketed, or produced,
however, the measure of its merit is what's between the covers.
So how does this book measure up to the standard of Clancy's own
work? I bought this book when it first came out in 1999 as an
“airplane book”, but never got around to reading it.
I was aware of the nature of this book at the time, having
read one of the similarly-produced “Op-Center”
novels, so my expectations were not high, but then neither is
the level of cognition I expect to devote to a book read on an
airplane, even in the pre-2001 era when air travel was not
the Hell of torture, extortion, and humiliation it has become
today. Anyway, I read something else on that
long-forgotten trip, and the present book sat on my shelf
slowly yellowing around the edges until I was about to depart
on a trip in June 2009. Whilst looking for an airplane book for
this trip, I happened across it and, noting that it had been
published almost exactly ten years before, was set in the year
2010, and focused upon the evolution of the Internet and
human-computer interaction, I thought it would be amusing to
compare the vision of Clancy et alii
for the next decade to the actual world in which we're living.
Well, I read it—the whole thing, in fact, on the outbound
leg of what was supposed to be a short trip—you know
you're having a really bad airline experience when due to
thunderstorms and fog you end up in a different country
than one on the ticket. My reaction? From the perspective of
the present day, this is a very silly, stupid, and poorly
written novel. But the greater problem is that from the
perspective of 1999 this is a very silly, stupid, and poorly
written novel. The technology of the 2010 in the story is not
only grossly different from what we have at present, it
doesn't make any sense at all to anybody with the most
rudimentary knowledge of how computers, the Internet, or for
that matter human beings behave. It's as if the author(s) had
some kind of half-baked idea of “cyberspace” as
conceived by William Gibson and mixed it up with a too-literal
interpretation of the phrase “information
superhighway”, ending up with car and motorcycle chases
where virtual vehicles are careening down the fibrebahn dodging
lumbering 18-wheeled packets of bulk data. I'm not making this
up—the author(s) are (p. 247), and asking you to
believe it!
The need for suspension of disbelief is not suspended from the
first page to the last, and the price seems to ratchet up
with every chapter. At the outset, we are asked to believe that
by “gearing up” with a holographic VR (virtual
reality) visor, an individual not only sees three dimensional
real time imagery with the full fidelity of human vision, but
also experiences touch, temperature, humidity, smell, and
acceleration. Now how precisely does that work,
particularly the last which appears to be at variance with
some work by Professor Einstein? Oh, and this VR gear
is available at an affordable price to all computer users, including
high school kids in their bedrooms, and individuals can easily
create their own virtual reality environments with some
simple programming.
There is techno-babble
enough here for another dozen seasons of
“24”.
On p. 349, in the 38th of 40 chapters, and completely
unrelated to the plot, we learn “The systems were also
ugly-looking—lean-mean-GI-green—but when it came
to this kind of hardware, pretty was as pretty did. These were
state-of-the-art 900 MHz machines, with the new FireEye bioneuro
chips, massive amounts of fiberlight memory, and fourteen hours
of active battery power if the local plugs didn't work.”
900 Mhz—imagine! (There are many even more egregious
examples, but I'll leave it at this in the interest of brevity and
so as not to induce nausea.)
But that's not all! Teenage super-hackers, naturally,
speak in their own dialect, like (p. 140):
“Hey, Jimmy Joe. How's the flow?”
“Dee eff eff, Tyrone.” This stood for
DFF—data flowin' fine.
“Listen, I talked to Jay Gee. He needs our
help.”
“Nopraw,” Tyrone said. “Somebody is
poppin' strands.”
“Tell me somethin' I don't compro, bro. Somebody
is always poppin' strands.”
“Yeah, affirm, but this is different. There's a
C-1 grammer [sic] looking to
rass the whole web.”
“Nofeek?”
“Nofeek.”
If you want to warm up your suspension of disbelief to take on
this twaddle, imagine Tom Clancy voluntarily lending his name
and reputation to it. And, hey, if you like this kind of stuff, there
are nine more books
in the series
to read!
- Verne, Jules.
Le Château
des Carpathes.
Paris: Poche, [1892] 1976.
ISBN 978-2-253-01329-7.
-
This is one of Jules Verne's later novels, originally published in
1892, and is considered “minor Verne”, which is to say
it's superior to about 95% of science and adventure fiction by other
authors. Five years before Bram Stoker penned
Dracula,
Verne takes us to a looming, gloomy, and abandoned (or is it?)
castle on a Carpathian peak in Transylvania, to which the
superstitious residents of nearby villages attribute all
kinds of supernatural goings on. Verne is clearly having
fun with the reader in this book, which reads like a mystery,
but what is mysterious is not whodunit, but rather what genre
of book you're reading: is it a ghost story, tale
of the supernatural, love triangle, mad scientist yarn,
or something else? Verne manages to keep all of these balls
in the air until the last thirty pages or so, when all is
revealed and resolved. It's plenty of fun getting there, as
the narrative is rich with the lush descriptive prose and
expansive vocabulary for which Verne is renowned. It wouldn't be
a Jules Verne novel without at least one stunning throwaway
prediction of future technology; here it's the video telephone,
to which he gives the delightful name
“téléphote”.
A public domain
electronic text edition
is available from
Project Gutenberg
in a variety of formats.
A (pricey) English translation is available. I
have not read it and cannot vouch for its faithfulness to
Verne's text.
- Leeson, Peter T.
The Invisible Hook.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
ISBN 978-0-691-13747-6.
-
(Guest review by
Iron Jack Rackham)
Avast, ye scurvy sea-dogs! Here we gentlemen of profit have
crafted our swashbuckling customs to terrify those we prey
upon, and now along comes a doubly-damned economist,
and a landlubber at that, to explain how our curious ways
can be explained by our own self-interest and lust for
booty. Why do we who sail under
the skull and crossbones democratically elect our captains
and quartermasters: one pirate, one vote? Why do all pirates
on the crew share equally in the plunder? Why do so many
sailors voluntarily join pirate crews? Why do we pay
“workman's compensation” to pirates wounded
in battle? Why did the pirate
constitutions that govern our ships embody separation of powers
long before landlubber governments twigged to the idea? Why
do we hoist the Jolly Roger and identify ourselves as pirates
when closing with our prey? Why do we torture and/or slay
those who resist, yet rarely harm crews which surrender
without a fight? Why do our ships welcome buccaneers of all
races as free men on an equal basis, even when
“legitimate” vessels traded in and used black
slaves and their governments tolerated chattel slavery?
This economist would have you believe it isn't our
outlaw culture that makes us behave that way, but rather that
our own rational choice, driven by our righteous thirst for
treasure chests bulging with jewels, gold, and pieces of
eight leads us, as if by an invisible hook, to cooperate
toward our common goals. And because we're
hostis humani generis,
we need no foul, coercive governments to impose this governance
upon us: it's our own voluntary association which imposes the
order we need to achieve our highly profitable plunder—the
author calls it “an-arrgh-chy”, and it
works for us. What's that? A sail on the horizon? To yer'
posts, me hearties, and hoist the Jolly Roger, we're off
a-piratin'!
Thank you, Iron Jack—a few more remarks, if I may…there's
a lot more in this slim volume (211 pages of main text):
the Jolly Roger as one of the greatest brands of all time,
lessons from pirates for contemporary corporate managers,
debunking of several postmodern myths such as pirates having
been predominately homosexual (“swishbucklers”), an
examination of how pirates established the defence in
case of capture that they had been compelled to join the
pirate crew, and an analysis of how changes in Admiralty law
shifted the incentives and brought the golden age of piracy to
an end in the 1720s.
Exists there a person whose inner child is not fascinated
by pirates? This book demonstrates why pirates also appeal
to one's inner anarcho-libertarian, while giving pause to
those who believe that market forces, unconstrained by a code
of morality, always produce good outcomes.
A podcast
interview with the author is available.